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vnStat is a network traffic monitor for Linux and Unix-like systems. It logs network traffic at different intervals and doesn't require root permissions to run. The implementation involves two commands: vnstat for querying traffic information and vnstatd for data retrieval and storage. Let's see how to add a network interface to vnstat after installation for monitoring purposes. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to add interface to vnstat to database for monitoring appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-26T05:56:00Z 2024-05-26T05:56:00Z Vivek Gite

sttr demo The sttr is a free and open-source command-line tool in Golang that lets you easily change and modify text. You can perform transformation operations on the string, such as hashing text, string manipulation, and more. sttr is beneficial for developers and *nix users requiring swift modification to strings or files directly via the command line or TUI. It is helpful in your scripting, data processing, and automation tasks at the CLI. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post sttr – Awesome Linux & Unix tool for transformation of the string appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-24T21:17:45Z 2024-05-24T21:17:45Z Vivek Gite

I'm trying to login using ssh keys but server is only allows to login me using a password. The following message is logged into my Linux or Unix server /var/log/secure or /var/log/auth.log file: Feb 25 06:36:50 ns5 sshd[26681]: Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for file /home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys2 Here is another message: May 24 18:28:35 ls-www-1 sshd[531320]: Connection closed by 18.1.2.3 port 43640 [preauth] May 24 18:28:44 ls-www-1 sshd[531322]: Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for file /home/admin/.ssh/authorized_keys May 24 18:28:44 ls-www-1 sshd[531322]: Connection closed by authenticating user admin 18.1.2.3 port 43650 [preauth] How do I fix this problem? Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post SSH Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for file /home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-24T19:23:28Z 2024-05-24T19:23:28Z Vivek Gite

I am using Alpine Linux v3.18 or v3.19 with my LXD/Incus server. How do I upgrade Alpine Linux v3.19 to Alpine Linux v3.20? How can I upgrade Alpine Linux v3.18 to Alpine Linux v3.20? Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to upgrade Alpine Linux 3.19 to 3.20 appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-24T11:25:52Z 2024-05-24T11:25:52Z Vivek Gite

In Debian and Ubuntu Linux, an "rc" status package means the package has been uninstalled, but its configuration files remain on the disk and take up space. Sometimes, certain directories are also in the /var/ directory. When you type the sudo apt remove pkg1 command, it deletes most of the data, but config files are left alone in case you reinstall that package again. You can free up disk space by removing unwanted config files. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to uninstall packages marked “rc” on Debian / Ubuntu Linux appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-22T09:30:57Z 2024-05-22T09:30:57Z Vivek Gite

I am a new vim text editor user. I usually load ~/.vimrc using :vs ~/.vimrc for configuration. Once edited my ~/.vimrc file I need to reload it without having to quit Vim session. How do I edit my ~/.vimrc file and reload it without having to restart Vim on Linux or Unix-like system? Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to reload .vimrc file without restarting vim on Linux/Unix appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-19T11:03:00Z 2024-05-19T11:03:00Z Vivek Gite

Sometimes, you may need to temporarily disable IPv6 in the Linux using net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 kernel variable for testing purposes. You can use the sysctl command to turn IPv6 connectivity on or off without rebooting the system. For example, observe how your app or network reacts when IPv6 connectivity is suddenly lost and only IPv4 is available. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to temporarily disable IPv6 in Linux appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-18T20:18:54Z 2024-05-18T20:18:54Z Vivek Gite

How do I capture a specific protocol or port, such as 80 (HTTP) or 443 (HTTPS), using the TCPDump tool under Linux/UNIX? How do I record traffic with TCPDump and find problems later on with my network or server issues? Let's dive into the nitty-gritty of capturing and analyzing your network traffic for trapshooting network and server issues. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post TCPDump: Capture and Record Specific Protocols / Port Traffic appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-17T21:00:03Z 2024-05-17T21:00:03Z Vivek Gite

How can I find the correct ulimit values for a user account or process on Linux systems? Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to find ulimit for user on Linux appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-16T21:57:31Z 2024-05-16T21:57:31Z Vivek Gite

A Ubuntu 24.04 LTS comes with UFW (uncomplicated firewall) that protects the desktop or server against unauthorized access. UFW is an easy-to-use frontend app for a Linux packet filtering system called Netfilter or nftables. Traditionally, Netfilter/nftables rules are set up or configured using the iptables command or nft command by developers and sysadmins. However, new Ubuntu Linux users and developers unfamiliar with firewall concepts find Netfilter/nft syntax confusing. Hence, the ufw project provides an easy-to-use frontend for Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Linux server and desktop. This quick guide makes setting up UFW on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS extremely simple. It provides step-by-step instructions for developers and sysadmins to secure their servers efficiently. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to Set Up UFW Firewall on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS in 5 Minutes appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-15T10:09:51Z 2024-05-15T10:09:51Z Vivek Gite

I have log files created whenever I patch or rebuild Linux containers. They are taking disk space. The logs are helpful if something fails. Otherwise, after a few weeks, those log files have no usage for me. So here is a quick tip on how to use the find command to delete all *.log files created in the last 90 days except for the previous 7 or 10 days. The commands mentioned in these tips are compatible with the Linux, FreeBSD, and macOS versions of the find command. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to use find command to delete all *.log files created in last 90 days except for last 7 days appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-15T06:56:03Z 2024-05-15T06:56:03Z Vivek Gite

An IP alias on Debian, Ubuntu, or any other Linux distros refers to assigning multiple IP addresses to a single network interface. A single network interface card (NIC) can respond to multiple IP addresses and configurations. IP aliases are commonly used for various purposes, such as network segmentation, virtual hosting, load balancing, VPN, split DNS, network testing, and more. Let us see how to add IPv6 and IPv4 IP addresses to your AWS EC2 or Lightsail instance using the CLI without disturbing the IPv4/IPv6 addresses assigned by the AWS DHCP server. These instructions will also work with all other cloud providers, as most providers use DHCP to give you a public IPv4/IPv6 address. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to add an IP alias to an EC2 instance on Debian/Ubuntu Linux appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-14T20:43:57Z 2024-05-14T20:43:57Z Vivek Gite

DNSCrypt-proxy is an open-source and free software designed to encrypt DNS traffic, thus protecting it from eavesdropping and manipulation. This is also useful to evade DNS censorship when DNSCrypt-proxy is configured correctly with Wireguard or OpenVPN. Further, DNSCrypt-proxy can configured to block malware, trackers, and internet ads. In Debian 11 and 12, using DNSCrypt-proxy can enhance privacy and security by preventing DNS spoofing attacks, DNS hijacking, and surveillance of DNS traffic. It ensures that DNS queries are encrypted, authenticated, and secure, thereby safeguarding users' browsing activities and sensitive information. Let us see how to install dnscrypt-proxy on Debian Linux 11 and 12. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to install dnscrypt-proxy on Debian Linux 11/12 appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-13T12:23:14Z 2024-05-13T12:23:14Z Vivek Gite

I am a new macOS Unix user. I am writing a small bash shell script. How do I download file directly from the command-line interface using curl? How can I download file with cURL on a Linux or Unix-like systems? Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to download a file with curl on Linux/Unix command line appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-12T19:41:44Z 2024-05-12T19:41:44Z Vivek Gite

I am a new Linux user. How do I display the process on the Linux based server or desktop/laptop in easy to read tree format using bash shell prompt? Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post Linux/Unix: pstree Command Examples: See A Tree Of Processes appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-12T19:29:49Z 2024-05-12T19:29:49Z Vivek Gite

The Debian Linux 12 backports repository offers updated versions of software packages for Debian Stable releases. These packages are sourced from Testing (and sometimes Unstable) branches of Debian, and then optimized and recompiled to function on the current Stable release, such as Bookworm. Let us see how to install and use Debian Linux 12 "Bookworm" Backports repository. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to enable Debian 12 Backports repository appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-11T11:02:39Z 2024-05-11T11:02:39Z Vivek Gite

I need to copy or clone file ownership and permissions from another file on Linux. Is there a bash command line option to clone the user, group ownership and permissions on a file from another file on Linux operating system? Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to copy permissions from one file to another on Linux appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-08T22:06:06Z 2024-05-08T22:06:06Z Vivek Gite

If you are writing a Bash shell script, you should read command-line arguments into an array for some time. This allows us to process any number of arguments provided when the script is run. This makes the script adaptable to different use cases. Instead of dealing with fixed variables like $1, $2, $3, etc., you can work with any number of arguments more dynamically using bash for loop or bash while loop, depending upon your needs. Arrays make it simple to loop through each argument and perform operations on them, whether basic printing or complex processing. Bash provides a mapfile (readarray command) internal built-in command to read lines from a file into an array variable. Let us see how to use mapfile to read all command line arguments into an array. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post A Bash Script to Read All Command Line Arguments into an Array: Simplify Argument Handling appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-07T10:40:08Z 2024-05-07T10:40:08Z Vivek Gite

CentOS, RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux), Fedora and other clones of RHEL, such as Oracle, Alma, and Rocky, offer support for version pinning. This feature allows developers and system administrators to lock a particular package to a specific version, preventing it from being automatically updated by yum or dnf commands. Sometimes, it is necessary to protect packages from being updated to newer versions to avoid incompatibility issues with your applications. For example, you can lock down PHP version 8.3.6 and avoid using updated PHP version 8.4. Let us see how to lock a package to a specific version, only exclude a package from yum update or dnf update on a CentOS, RHEL, Fedora, and friends. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to Pin Versions in Yum or Dnf for RHEL or CentOS Linux appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-07T09:01:47Z 2024-05-07T09:01:47Z Vivek Gite

Here's a quick tip for vim users. You can perform find and replace operations within a visual selection in Vim for text or code block. Visual selection for finding and replacing text in Vim allows developers and Linux/Unix users precise and efficient text editing. It's handy when you want to change specific portions of text or code blocks within a larger file without affecting other occurrences. This method required to minimizing manual search and reducing the risk of unintended code or text modifications. Let us see how to find and replace in Vim visual mode selection. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to perform find and replace operations within a visual selection in Vim appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-07T06:14:33Z 2024-05-07T06:14:33Z Vivek Gite