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The Debian Linux 12 backports repository offers updated versions of software packages for Debian Stable releases. These packages are sourced from Testing (and sometimes Unstable) branches of Debian, and then optimized and recompiled to function on the current Stable release, such as Bookworm. Let us see how to install and use Debian Linux 12 "Bookworm" Backports repository. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to enable Debian 12 Backports repository appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-11T11:02:39Z 2024-05-11T11:02:39Z Vivek Gite

I need to copy or clone file ownership and permissions from another file on Linux. Is there a bash command line option to clone the user, group ownership and permissions on a file from another file on Linux operating system? Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to copy permissions from one file to another on Linux appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-08T22:06:06Z 2024-05-08T22:06:06Z Vivek Gite

If you are writing a Bash shell script, you should read command-line arguments into an array for some time. This allows us to process any number of arguments provided when the script is run. This makes the script adaptable to different use cases. Instead of dealing with fixed variables like $1, $2, $3, etc., you can work with any number of arguments more dynamically using bash for loop or bash while loop, depending upon your needs. Arrays make it simple to loop through each argument and perform operations on them, whether basic printing or complex processing. Bash provides a mapfile (readarray command) internal built-in command to read lines from a file into an array variable. Let us see how to use mapfile to read all command line arguments into an array. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post A Bash Script to Read All Command Line Arguments into an Array: Simplify Argument Handling appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-07T10:40:08Z 2024-05-07T10:40:08Z Vivek Gite

CentOS, RHEL (Red Hat Enterprise Linux), Fedora and other clones of RHEL, such as Oracle, Alma, and Rocky, offer support for version pinning. This feature allows developers and system administrators to lock a particular package to a specific version, preventing it from being automatically updated by yum or dnf commands. Sometimes, it is necessary to protect packages from being updated to newer versions to avoid incompatibility issues with your applications. For example, you can lock down PHP version 8.3.6 and avoid using updated PHP version 8.4. Let us see how to lock a package to a specific version, only exclude a package from yum update or dnf update on a CentOS, RHEL, Fedora, and friends. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to Pin Versions in Yum or Dnf for RHEL or CentOS Linux appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-07T09:01:47Z 2024-05-07T09:01:47Z Vivek Gite

Here's a quick tip for vim users. You can perform find and replace operations within a visual selection in Vim for text or code block. Visual selection for finding and replacing text in Vim allows developers and Linux/Unix users precise and efficient text editing. It's handy when you want to change specific portions of text or code blocks within a larger file without affecting other occurrences. This method required to minimizing manual search and reducing the risk of unintended code or text modifications. Let us see how to find and replace in Vim visual mode selection. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to perform find and replace operations within a visual selection in Vim appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-07T06:14:33Z 2024-05-07T06:14:33Z Vivek Gite

Unhide is a little handy forensic tool to find hidden processes and TCP/UDP ports by rootkits / LKMs or by another hidden technique. This tool works under Linux, Unix-like system, and MS-Windows operating systems. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to find hidden processes and ports on Linux/Unix/Windows appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-07T05:05:51Z 2024-05-07T05:05:51Z Vivek Gite

Bash is a command language interpreter compatible with sh. It can execute commands read from a file or keyboard. On Debian Linux, bash-completion is a set of shell functions that uses Bash's programmable completion feature. This page provides instructions on installing and enabling Bash auto-completion on Debian Linux versions 10, 11, and 12 to increase productivity by writing custom bash code. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to add bash auto completion in Debian Linux appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-06T15:51:25Z 2024-05-06T15:51:25Z Vivek Gite

Recently, I had a learning experience with cron jobs and acme.sh. acme.sh is an excellent tool that simplifies the management of Let's Encrypt TLS (SSL) certificates. It makes obtaining and renewing these essential security certificates for your web server easier. Recently, I moved my server from Linode to AWS, which was a new environment for me. Initially, everything appeared to be working correctly, and I assumed everything was running smoothly. However, I forgot to migrate the cron job that acme.sh uses to renew the certificate automatically. This oversight caused my Let's Encrypt certificates to expire, resulting in security warnings and potential disruptions for visitors to my website. Opps! Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to add cron job entry for acme.sh appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-05-03T06:43:12Z 2024-05-03T06:43:12Z Vivek Gite

{nixCraft Patreon supporters content}Below is a sneak peek of this content! Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) was launched on April 25th, 2024. This new version will be supported for five years until June 2029. The armhf architecture now provides support for the Year 2038 problem. The upgrades include significant updates to core packages like Linux kernel, systemd, Netplan, […]The post How to Upgrade Ubuntu 22.04 to 24.04 LTS: A Complete Guide appeared first on Opensource Flare✨. 2024-04-26T18:25:08Z 2024-04-26T18:25:08Z Vivek Gite

Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) was launched on April 25th, 2024. This new version will be supported for five years until June 2029. The armhf architecture now provides support for the Year 2038 problem. The upgrades include significant updates to core packages like Linux kernel, systemd, Netplan, toolchain upgrades for better development support, enhanced security measures, and performance optimizations. It also has an updated GNOME desktop environment and other default applications. Let us see how to upgrade Ubuntu 22.04 LTS to Ubuntu 24.04 LTS using the CLI over ssh-based session. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to Upgrade Ubuntu 22.04 to 24.04 LTS: A Complete Guide appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-04-26T08:33:21Z 2024-04-26T08:33:21Z Vivek Gite

AWS SES (Amazon Simple Email Service) is a cloud-based email-sending service that is both reliable and cost-effective. This service is offered by Amazon Web Services. Postfix is a popular email server for Debian and Unix-like systems. It is an open-source Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) responsible for routing and delivering emails. Debian Linux is a widely used Linux distribution known for its stability and user-friendliness for server usage. Let us see how to integrate AWS SES with the Postfix MTA on Debian Linux version 11/12. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How to configure AWS SES with Postfix MTA on Debian Linux appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-04-19T07:04:06Z 2024-04-19T07:04:06Z Vivek Gite

When you run the sudo apt update, you may see the following message or error on a Debian Linux: Err:5 http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-backports Release 404 Not Found [IP: 146.75.34.132 80] Reading package lists... Done E: The repository 'http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-backports Release' no longer has a Release file. N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default. N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details. Here is how to fix this issue. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post The repository ‘http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-backports Release’ no longer has a Release file. appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-04-14T20:42:01Z 2024-04-14T20:42:01Z Vivek Gite

You can find the timezone in Linux using the command line. The easiest way to do this is to type the "timedatectl" command and look for the "timezone" line when using modern Linux distros with systemd. There are other commands and ways to temporarily switch to a new timezone for date calculations. Love this? sudo share_on: Twitter - Facebook - LinkedIn - Whatsapp - Reddit The post How do I find out my timezone in Linux? appeared first on nixCraft. 2024-04-06T01:06:44Z 2024-04-06T01:06:44Z Vivek Gite

Scientific American's Elizabeth Anne Brown recently "polled the great art houses of Europe" about whether they'd had any recent experiences with mold in their collections. Despite the stigma that keeps many institutions silent, she found that extremophile "xerophilic" molds are quietly spreading through museums and archives, thriving in low-humidity, tightly sealed storage and damaging everything from textiles and wood to manuscripts and stone. An anonymous Slashdot reader shares an excerpt from the article: Mold is a perennial scourge in museums that can disfigure and destroy art and artifacts. [...] Consequently, mold is spoken of in whispers in the museum world. Curators fear that even rumors of an infestation can hurt their institution's funding and blacklist them from traveling exhibitions. When an infestation does occur, it's generally kept secret. The contract conservation teams that museums hire to remediate invasive mold often must vow confidentiality before they're even allowed to see the damage. But a handful of researchers, from in-house conservators to university mycologists, are beginning to compare notes about the fungal infestations they've tackled in museum storage depots, monastery archives, crypts and cathedrals. A disquieting revelation has emerged from these discussions: there's a class of molds that flourish in low humidity, long believed to be a sanctuary from decay. By trying so hard to protect artifacts, we've accidentally created the "perfect conditions for [these molds] to grow," says Flavia Pinzari, a mycologist at the Council of National Research of Italy. "All the rules for conservation never considered these species." These molds -- called xerophiles -- can survive in dry, hostile environments such as volcano calderas and scorching deserts, and to the chagrin of curators across the world, they seem to have developed a taste for cultural heritage. They devour the organic material that abounds in museums -- from fabric canvases and wood furniture to tapestries. They can also eke out a living on marble statues and stained-glass windows by eating micronutrients in the dust that accumulates on their surfaces. And global warming seems to be helping them spread. Most frustrating for curators, these xerophilic molds are undetectable by conventional means. But now, armed with new methods, several research teams are solving art history cold cases and explaining mysterious new infestations... The xerophiles' body count is rising: bruiselike stains on Leonardo da Vinci's most famous self-portrait, housed in Turin. Brown blotches on the walls of King Tut's burial chamber in Luxor. Pockmarks on the face of a saint in an 11th-century fresco in Kyiv. It's not enough to find and identify the mold. Investigators are racing to determine the limits of xerophilic life and figure out which pieces of our cultural heritage are at the highest risk of infestation before the ravenous microbes set in.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

Longtime Slashdot reader AmiMoJo shares a report from Reuters: Fully electric car sales in December overtook petrol for the first time in the European Union, even as policymakers proposed to loosen emissions regulations, data showed on Tuesday. U.S. battery-electric brand Tesla continued to lose market share to competitors including China's BYD and Europe's best-selling group Volkswagen, data from the European auto lobby ACEA showed. Car sales throughout Europe sustained a sixth straight month of year-on-year growth, with overall registrations, a proxy for sales, hitting their highest volumes in five years in Europe in 2025, though they remained well below pre-pandemic levels. [...] December registrations of battery electric, plug-in hybrid and hybrid electric cars were up 51%, 36.7% and 5.8%, respectively, to account collectively for 67% of the bloc's registrations, up from 57.8% in December 2024.

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Bazzite reveals the Open Gaming Collective to make gaming on Linux even better  XDA

The Linux kernel community has formalized a continuity plan for the day Linus Torvalds eventually steps aside, defining how the process would work to replace him as the top-level maintainer. ZDNet's Steven Vaughan-Nichols reports: The new "plan for a plan," drafted by longtime kernel contributor Dan Williams, was discussed at the latest Linux Kernel Maintainer Summit in Tokyo, where he introduced it as "an uplifting subject tied to our eventual march toward death." Torvalds added, in our conversation, that "part of the reason it came up this time around was that my previous contract with Linux Foundation ended Q3 last year, and people on the Linux Foundation Technical Advisory Board had been aware of that. Of course, they were also aware that we'd renewed the contract, but it meant that it had been discussed." The plan stops short of naming a single heir. Instead, it creates an explicit process for selecting one or more maintainers to take over the top-level Linux repository in a worst-case or orderly-transition scenario, including convening a conclave to weigh options and maximize long-term project health. One maintainer in Tokyo jokingly suggested that the group, like the conclave that selects a new pope, be locked in a room and that a puff of white smoke be sent out when a decision was reached. The document frames this as a way to protect against the classic "bus factor" problem. That is, what happens to a project if its leader is hit by a bus? Torvalds' central role today means the project currently assumes a bus-factor of one, where a single person's exit could, in theory, destabilize merges and final releases. In practice, as Torvalds and other top maintainers have discussed, the job of top penguin would almost certainly currently go to Greg Kroah-Hartman, the stable-branch Linux kernel maintainer. Responding to the suggestion that the backup replacement would be Greg KH, Torvalds said: "But the thing is, Greg hasn't always been Greg. Before Greg, there was Andrew Morton and Alan Cox. After Greg, there will be Shannon and Steve. The real issue is you have to have a person or a group of people that the development community can trust, and part of trust is fundamentally about having been around for long enough that people know how you work, but long enough does not mean to be 30 years."

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

The Linux kernel community has formalized a continuity plan for the day Linus Torvalds eventually steps aside, defining how the process would work to replace him as the top-level maintainer. ZDNet's Steven Vaughan-Nichols reports: The new "plan for a plan," drafted by longtime kernel contributor Dan Williams, was discussed at the latest Linux Kernel Maintainer Summit in Tokyo, where he introduced it as "an uplifting subject tied to our eventual march toward death." Torvalds added, in our conversation, that "part of the reason it came up this time around was that my previous contract with Linux Foundation ended Q3 last year, and people on the Linux Foundation Technical Advisory Board had been aware of that. Of course, they were also aware that we'd renewed the contract, but it meant that it had been discussed." The plan stops short of naming a single heir. Instead, it creates an explicit process for selecting one or more maintainers to take over the top-level Linux repository in a worst-case or orderly-transition scenario, including convening a conclave to weigh options and maximize long-term project health. One maintainer in Tokyo jokingly suggested that the group, like the conclave that selects a new pope, be locked in a room and that a puff of white smoke be sent out when a decision was reached. The document frames this as a way to protect against the classic "bus factor" problem. That is, what happens to a project if its leader is hit by a bus? Torvalds' central role today means the project currently assumes a bus-factor of one, where a single person's exit could, in theory, destabilize merges and final releases. In practice, as Torvalds and other top maintainers have discussed, the job of top penguin would almost certainly currently go to Greg Kroah-Hartman, the stable-branch Linux kernel maintainer. Responding to the suggestion that the backup replacement would be Greg KH, Torvalds said: "But the thing is, Greg hasn't always been Greg. Before Greg, there was Andrew Morton and Alan Cox. After Greg, there will be Shannon and Steve. The real issue is you have to have a person or a group of people that the development community can trust, and part of trust is fundamentally about having been around for long enough that people know how you work, but long enough does not mean to be 30 years."

Read more of this story at Slashdot.

Microsoft's Quiet Exodus: Why Enterprise Developers Are Abandoning Windows for Linux Workstations  WebProNews

French lawmakers have voted to ban social media access for children under 15 and prohibit mobile phones in high schools, positioning France as the second country after Australia to impose sweeping age-based digital restrictions. The Guardian reports: The lower national assembly adopted the text by a vote of 130 to 21 in a lengthy overnight session from Monday to Tuesday. It will now go to the Senate, France's upper house, ahead of becoming law. Macron hailed the vote as a "major step" to protect French children and teenagers in a post on X. The legislation, which also provides for a ban on mobile phones in high schools, would make France the second country to take such a step following Australia's ban for under-16s in December. [...] "The emotions of our children and teenagers are not for sale or to be manipulated, either by American platforms or Chinese algorithms," Macron said in a video broadcast on Saturday. Authorities want the measures to be enforced from the start of the 2026 school year for new accounts. Former prime minister Gabriel Attal, who leads Macron's Renaissance party in the lower house, said he hoped the Senate would pass the bill by mid-February so that the ban could come into force on September 1. He added that "social media platforms will then have until December 31 to deactivate existing accounts" that do not comply with the age limit. [...] The draft bill excludes online encyclopedias and educational platforms. An effective age verification system would have to come into force for the ban to become reality. Work on such a system is under way at the European level.

Read more of this story at Slashdot.